pH+Test

 Period 6, Group D:

__Hypothesis:__ We believe that when we test the multiple samples of water that comes from different sources, that the rivers pH level should support the fact that we think the Passaic River is unhealthy.

__Prediction:__ If we test multiple samples of waterfrom the river and normal water, and the pH levels aren't showing that the river is healthy, then this should support our hypothesis by that the river we are testing is unhealthy.  __Procedure:__ We put the pH slip into the water at different point sources. We held it in the water for a few seconds and then took it out and matched it to the closest color. We did this test at the same places that we did the temperature tests and additional places.  __Data:__ || __pH level__ || || 6 || || 7 ||
 * __location/ water source__
 * crossing pipe
 * tap water

__Conclusion:__ The part of the river that we tested is healthy because tap water is considered healthy and we drink that. The outcome for tap water and the outcome for the water by the crossing pipe differed by only one number so therefore the water underneath the crossing pipe we would consider healthy.

nlight (close to the bridge and far away from the bridge) and shade (under the bridge), then the pH levels should differ by about 1 level.. Procedure: We tested the different areas once with the pH "dipsticks". Hold the plastic end of the "dipstick" and dip the paper end so all of it is under the water. After about 10 seconds take the paper out of the water. Then compare the color of the paper to the key provided in the pH paper pacakge. Data: || Under Bridge || Sunlight (near the bridge) || Sunlight (not by the bridge) || || 6 || 7- Neutral || 5 || Conclusion: Since the pH level is neutral, it's not too acidic and not to much of a base. This means that it's able to support life, but its not healthy enough to drink. == =

Period 6 ,Group A Kelsey, Brooke, Ian, Alex
Hypothesis: We belive that the water in the river is unhealthy because the pH level is low and we will back this up with samples from water fountains, tap water, and bottled water.

Prediction:If the water is unhealthy and we take a serices of pH tests then we should find a low pH level.

Precedure:1.get pH strips from a box 2.go to several spots on the river 3.record the data and compare them

Data: 1.20ft. upstream from bridge-5.5 2.point source 1 (black pipe)-7 3.point source 2(tan pipe)-8 4.piont source facing Spring Field Ave. to the left-8 5.point source facing Spring Field Ave. to the right-6.5 6. science room back sink-7 7.513 water fountain-8.5 8.505-9 9.406-8

conclusion: Our hypothesis was disproved by our findings because we expected to find low pH levels but we found high pH levels. this could have happened in result to the amount of time the pH strips were held in the water.

Period 6, Group C: Jocelyn, Stephanie, Alex
=**Materials:** pH strips=


 * Hypothesis:** We believe that the water should be different by about 1 level when we test them by the point sources and then upstream.


 * Prediction:** If the water is different by one level, and we test it in the point source and upstream, then the pH strips should differ by one level higher from upstream then point source.

1. First we took 10 pH strips and went to the river. 2. Then we took each strip and tested different parts of the river. 3. We took 3 tests in the water near the point sources. 4. Then we took 7 tests in the water downstream.
 * Procedure:**

The 3 tests that we took in the river near the point sources were more green than yellow. It came out to be a 6.5 near the point sources. The water we tested upstream was more yellow than green and it was closer to a 5.5.
 * Data:**


 * Conclusion:** The water isn't too acidic or not too much of a base, so it can support life but isn't healthy enough to drink.

Period 3, Group C  PH Test Purpose- to see if our portion of the Passaic River is acidic or base. Procedure- 1. Take a water sample from the creek 2. Dip the pH test paper into the sample 3. Quickly take out the strip and shake off excess water 4. Use the color chart and match the strip color the level on the chart Materials- pH paper, river water, notebook table, color chart, tap water, distilled water, hydrochloric acid, ammonia Inside pH Reading Outside Conclusion-We concluded that our section of the Passaic River is slightly acidic. On all of our samples we got fives, and on our control test of tap water we got a five. Distilled water was a six, but was still slightly acidic. Our other controls of an acid and a base gave us an example of the extremes. Seven is neutral, anything lower is acidic, and anything above is base.
 * Tap Water || 5 ||
 * Distilled Water || 6 ||
 * Ammonia || 12 ||
 * Hydrochloric Acid || 1 ||
 * ** River Water ** || ** pH reading ** ||
 * End of fence || 5 ||
 * In big, black, plastic pipe || 5 ||
 * In front of black pipe || 5 ||
 * Under bridge || 5 ||
 * In front of Oak tree by school || 5 ||

Period 3, group F     Hypothesis: The closer the pH level is to 7, the more likely it is that organisms will survive in that area. Purpose: To see if the water in the Passaic River is close to or exactly 7; and if so what organisms live in those places. Prediction: If the closer the water is to 7 pH, the more likely it is for the organisms to survive, and we test the pH levels of different areas of the Passaic River, then there will be a lot more organisms in water closer to the 7 pH level. Data: Conclusion: We conducted the pH test with river water from the Passaic River. The samples we took from the river were from different parts of the river. We had samples with fishes, some microorganisms, less microorganisms, and near a point source. Our other samples were not from the river. Tap water, distilled water, ammonia, and hydrochloric acid were other samples. We used these as constants to compare our river samples. We saw from our data that the liquids that we drink are 6. So the water that we drink is not exactly at 7 that we suspected. Ammonia was at 10, so it was a base, and hydrochloric acid was a 2, an acid. The water that we took from the river that had microorganisms was at 8. In the river we took fresh from the river, all of the pH levels were around 6 or 7. This is close to the pH level in the water that we drink, so we conclude that the river is safe to drink if it is filtered. If it isn’t filtered, harmful microorganism might still be in the water. Then it would not be suitable to drink. But our hypothesis, the closer the pH level is closer to 7 then the more likely the organisms will survive was supported. We know that because in the places with 7 pH there were more micro organisms and macroorganisms Period 3, Group E: Ria Teitelbaum, Jason Mango, Chris Aresco, Eleni C.
 * Water ||  pH level  ||
 * Tap: ||  6  ||
 * Distilled: ||  6  ||
 * Near Point Source: ||  7  ||
 * Fishes: ||  5  ||
 * Some Micro- Organisms: ||  8  ||
 * Less Micro- Organisms: ||  8  ||
 * Ammonia: ||  10  ||
 * Hydrochloric Acid: ||  2  ||
 * 10 yards down the bridge-after the leaves ||  6-7  ||
 * 10 yards down the bridge- before the leaves ||  6-7  ||
 * Point Source-black pipe- 30 yards down, in pipe ||  7  ||
 * Point Source-black pipe- 30 yards down, in river ||  6  ||

Purpose: To see how acidic the Passaic River is.

Hypothesis: We think that the pH level of the river will be around 6-8. This means that organisms are able to survive in the river.

Prediction: If the water's pH level is around 6-8 and we test in a variety of areas, then the water will not be acidic enough to not support life.

Procedure: 1. Take 3 pH "dipsticks" 2. Test the water in three different areas using a different "dipstick" every time 3. To do this, submerge the colored end of the "dipstick" while holding on to the white plastic end. Hold it in the water for about 10-15 seconds. 4. Now compare the new color of the paper end to the chart provided in the pH paper case. 5. Record observations

Data:
 * **Location** || **Reading** ||
 * Close to the bridge || 7 ||
 * Under the bridge || 6 ||
 * Sunlight || 5 ||

Conclusion: According our data the river is around a neutral pH level. But it does change depending upon the area. The pH levels may have changed because there might have been more litter in that particular area. There are many factors that may have affected our test results. We may have held the stick in for longer than 10 seconds or less than 10 seconds.